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High-Purity CAS 121-54-0 Antimicrobial Agent | USP/EP Standard Medical & Cosmetic Grade | Supply Chain Assurance from JIMPOCHEM

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Technical Whitepaper: Benzethonium Chloride (CAS 121-54-0)

Comprehensive Scientific Evaluation, Antimicrobial Kinetics, & Manufacturing Specifications

Chemical Structure & Properties

Benzethonium Chloride (also known as Hyamine 1622) is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt exhibiting exceptional cationic surfactant and microbicidal properties. Its chemical architecture consists of a hydrophobic lipophilic tail and a positively charged quaternary nitrogen head.

  • CAS Number: 121-54-0
  • IUPAC Name: N,N-dimethyl-N-[2-[2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethyl]benzenemethanaminium chloride
  • Molecular Formula: C27H42NO2Cl
  • Molecular Weight: 448.08 g/mol
  • Appearance: Fine white to off-white odorless crystalline powder
  • Solubility: Highly soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone; sparingly soluble in ether

Mechanism of Microbicidal Action

Benzethonium Chloride exerts broad-spectrum bactericidal, microbicidal, and fungicidal action through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with pathogenic cellular envelopes:

  1. Membrane Binding: The cationic ammonium head binds rapidly to negatively charged lipopolysaccharides and phospholipids on bacterial membranes.
  2. Permeability Disruption: The long hydrophobic alkyl chain penetrates the lipid bilayer, causing structural destabilization.
  3. Cytoplasmic Leakage: Intracellular potassium, nucleic acids, and amino acids leak out, halting cellular respiration.
  4. Lysis & Protein Denaturation: Denaturation of essential metabolic enzymes leads to complete pathogen inactivation without triggering resistance.

Grade-Specific Quality Control Specifications (HPLC Purity ≥ 99.0%)

JIMPOCHEM produces Benzethonium Chloride adhering to rigorous pharmaceutical monograph requirements (USP / EP / JP / ChP). Analytical validation includes full LC-MS, FT-IR, and heavy metal testing.

Parameter / Test Item USP Pharmaceutical Grade Cosmetic Preservative Grade Industrial Disinfectant Grade
Assay (Drying Basis) 99.0% – 101.0% 98.5% – 101.0% ≥ 97.0%
Appearance White Crystalline Powder White to Off-White Powder White/Light Yellowish Powder
Melting Point Range 158.0°C – 164.0°C 156.0°C – 164.0°C 154.0°C – 162.0°C
pH (1% aqueous solution) 5.5 – 6.5 5.0 – 7.0 5.0 – 7.5
Residue on Ignition ≤ 0.1% ≤ 0.2% ≤ 0.5%
Heavy Metals (Pb, As) ≤ 10 ppm ≤ 20 ppm ≤ 50 ppm
Residual Solvents (ICH Q3C) Meets ICH Limits Compliant N/A

Localized Application Scenarios & Global Industry Utilization

Engineered for high efficacy across pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food safety, and industrial water treatment sectors.

Pharmaceutical & Medical Antiseptics

Benzethonium chloride serves as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in OTC topical anti-infectives, first-aid wound sprays, skin cleansers, and ophthalmic solutions. It offers superior residual activity on human skin without causing severe tissue irritation at recommended dosage levels (typically 0.1% to 0.2%).

Cosmetics & Personal Care Preservation

Used extensively as a broad-spectrum preservative in leave-on and rinse-off products, including wet wipes, hand sanitizers, deodorants, anti-dandruff shampoos, and facial lotions. Protects formulations against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, mold, and yeast contamination.

Hard-Surface & Hospital Sanitation

Formulated into hospital-grade disinfectant sprays and floor cleaners. Demonstrates rapid kill rates against resistant strains including MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Compatible with non-ionic surfactants for enhanced cleaning power.

Food & Dairy Processing Hygiene

Applied in equipment sanitization solutions across dairy plants, breweries, and food packing facilities. Odorless and non-corrosive to stainless steel equipment when utilized within standard operational concentrations.

Industrial Water Treatment & Algicide

Prevents bio-fouling and algal blooms in recirculating cooling towers, paper manufacturing systems, and industrial wastewater installations, ensuring optimal thermodynamic heat transfer.

Veterinary Hygiene & Aquaculture

Utilized in livestock housing disinfection, udder washes for mastitis control in dairy farming, and water microbial control in commercial aquaculture hatcheries.

Why Partner with JIMPOCHEM: China Supply Chain & Factory Dominance

Integrating R&D, Automated Synthesis, Stringent QA, and Seamless Global Delivery

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Fully Integrated Manufacturing

Located in the Chemical Industry Park of Jinan City, Shandong Province, our state-of-the-art facility features automated batch reaction vessels and crystal purification lines. Direct raw material access guarantees uninterrupted production and stable bulk pricing.

Global Compliance & Auditing

Our operations hold ISO9001 quality management system, ISO14001 environmental system certifications, full REACH registrations for Europe, and standard FDA DMF support. We welcome third-party audits (SGS, Intertek, Bureau Veritas).

Customized OEM / ODM & Logistics

We offer flexible packaging solutions—from 25kg fiber drums to multi-ton ISO tanks. Customized liquid solutions (10%, 20%, 50% aqueous solutions) and powder micronization available upon demand with vendor-managed inventory options.

Industry Growth Trends & Global Procurement Demand

Market Shifts Shaping Cationic Antimicrobial Procurement in 2025 and Beyond

1. Regulatory Phase-Out of Phenolic Preservatives

With increasing global restrictions on traditional preservatives like Triclosan, Triclocarban, and parabens due to endocrine disruption concerns, multi-national personal care brands are transitioning to quaternary ammonium compounds. Benzethonium Chloride offers higher efficacy at lower concentration thresholds with an established safety profile.

2. Escalating Demand for Long-Lasting Surface Barriers

In clinical and cleanroom hygiene, standard alcohol-based sanitizers lack residual killing capacity once evaporated. Benzethonium Chloride deposits a persistent antimicrobial film that retains microbicidal activity for hours, driving strong adoption in healthcare and high-traffic institutional settings.

3. Green Chemistry & Catalyst Recycling

Sustainable manufacturing practices are paramount. JIMPOCHEM’s clean technology synth-pathway reduces organic effluent waste by 40% and eliminates heavy metal catalysts during alkylation, meeting international ESG standards for eco-friendly chemical sourcing.

4. Supply Chain Resilience & Dual-Sourcing

Global pharmaceutical and FMCG conglomerates are actively establishing strategic partnerships with tier-1 Chinese manufacturers to diversify supply lines, mitigating geopolitical and logistical bottlenecks through long-term annual volume contracting.

JIMPOCHEM Factory Infrastructure & R&D Excellence

Explore our 500+ acre state-of-the-art production base and quality control laboratories.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) for Procurement Officers

Technical and Commercial Clarifications for Benzethonium Chloride Purchasing

Q1: What is the typical lead time for bulk orders of Benzethonium Chloride (CAS 121-54-0)?
For standard powder packaging (25kg fiber drums), standard lead time is 3 to 7 business days for ready stock dispatch. Custom solution concentrations or specialized micronized mesh sizes require 10 to 14 days.
Q2: How does Benzethonium Chloride compare with Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC)?
While both are cationic quaternary ammonium compounds, Benzethonium Chloride possesses a defined synthetic chemical structure with single discrete peak purity (HPLC ≥ 99.0%), whereas Benzalkonium Chloride is a mixture of alkyl chain homologs (C12, C14, C16). Benzethonium chloride offers superior stability and specific monograph authorization in USP topical anti-infectives.
Q3: Is Benzethonium Chloride compatible with anionic surfactants?
No. As a cationic surfactant, Benzethonium Chloride will form insoluble complexes or precipitate when combined directly with anionic surfactants (such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate / SLS). It should be formulated with non-ionic, amphoteric surfactants or cationic co-compounds.
Q4: What documentation is provided with every shipment?
Every batch includes a comprehensive Certificate of Analysis (CoA), Safety Data Sheet (SDS / MSDS compliant with GHS), Analytical Method Validation, Heavy Metals Test Report, and Certificate of Origin (COO).
Q5: Can I request free samples for lab evaluation and formulation testing?
Yes. We provide sample quantities (100g to 500g) for qualified corporate R&D laboratories. Contact our technical sales desk to arrange express courier sample shipment.

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